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考研英語長(zhǎng)難句（范例15篇）
考研英語長(zhǎng)難句1
The study shows that nearly half the organizations featured in the Times Top 100 Graduates Employers plan to expand their graduate programs this year, increasing the total number of vacancies available for new graduates by more than 10 percent compared with 20xx recruitment levels.
【核心詞匯】graduate a.畢業(yè)生 v.畢業(yè) vacancy n.空缺，空位 recruitment n.補(bǔ)充，征募新兵 compared with與……相比
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句是復(fù)合句。主干是主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)，其中謂語shows的賓語由that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句that nearly half the organizations featured in the Times Top 100 Graduates Employers plan to expand their graduate programs this year充當(dāng)�，F(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)increasing the total number of vacancies available for new graduates by more than 10 percent compared with 20xx recruitment levels作狀語從句，可以理解為結(jié)果狀語，by表示增加的幅度。句末的過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)compared with 20xx recruitment levels作比較狀語。
【參考譯文】研究表明，《時(shí)代》重點(diǎn)介紹的'排名前100名的畢業(yè)生雇主單位中有將近一半計(jì)劃今年將擴(kuò)大畢業(yè)生招生規(guī)模，為新的畢業(yè)生增加利用的空缺職位數(shù)量，這個(gè)數(shù)量與20xx年的招募水平相比，會(huì)增加10%以上。
考研英語長(zhǎng)難句2
By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrived before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent,
時(shí)間狀語 主語 定語從句 謂語 賓語
higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans.
比較狀語
譯文：到1996年為止，1970年以前到達(dá)美國(guó)的境外移民中擁有房產(chǎn)的比例達(dá)到75.6%，高于本土美國(guó)人69.8%的比例。
分析：本句的主干結(jié)構(gòu)為foreign-born immigrants…h(huán)ad a home ownership rate…。主語是foreign-born immigrants，后面的who had arrived before 1970是對(duì)主語進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明，是關(guān)系代詞who引導(dǎo)的定語從句，who指代前面的immigrants作從句的主語。higher than…Americans是比較狀語，將移民和美國(guó)本土居民的房產(chǎn)所有率進(jìn)行比較。
That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery
主語 謂語 原因狀語從句 賓語從句 定語從句
comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels.
條件狀語從句
譯文：而發(fā)現(xiàn)這些變化很重要，因?yàn)槔碚摫砻饕粋�(gè)漁場(chǎng)只有將捕撈物種的生物量保持在原始基數(shù)的50%左右時(shí)，才能獲得最大的可持續(xù)捕撈量。
分析： 本句的主干很短，只有That matters，其中代詞that指代上句中提到的“海洋中發(fā)生的大規(guī)模變化”。Because引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，該從句的主干結(jié)構(gòu)是“theory suggests + that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句”。該賓語從句的主干為the maximum sustainable yield…comes…。這個(gè)賓語從句還包含兩個(gè)從句，一個(gè)是定語從句that can be cropped from a fishery，修飾的是yield;最后還有when引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，說明這種yield出現(xiàn)的條件。
Surely it should be obvious to the dimmest executive that trust, that most valuable of economic
形式主語 系動(dòng)詞 表語 狀語 主語從句1
assets, is easily destroyed and hugely expensive to restore – and that few things are more likely to destroy trust
主語從句2
than a company letting sensitive personal data get into the wrong hands.
譯文：即使是最笨的管理者也應(yīng)該知道，信任是最有價(jià)值的.經(jīng)濟(jì)資產(chǎn)，它極易被破壞，并且恢復(fù)起來代價(jià)巨大——沒有什么比任由敏感的個(gè)人信息落入不當(dāng)之人的手中更能毀掉公司信譽(yù)的了。
分析：主句中it是形式主語，其后有兩個(gè)由that引導(dǎo)的主語從句做真正的主語。主語從句1的主干是trust…is easily destroyed and hugely expensive to restore，trust后面的that most valuable of economic assets
是trust的同位語，用來補(bǔ)充說明trust的價(jià)值。主語從句2的主干是few things are more likely to destroy trust than…，和主語從句1之間用and連接。
Washington, who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing the bravery of the black
主語 定語從句 賓語從句 時(shí)間狀語
soldiers during the Revolutionary War, overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their
時(shí)間狀語 謂語 賓語 后置定語 目的狀語
freedom in his will.
譯文：華盛頓看到黑人士兵在美國(guó)獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中的英勇表現(xiàn)后，開始相信人生而平等，因此他不顧親人的極力反對(duì)，在遺囑中給予了他的奴隸們自由。
分析：本句的主干是Washington…overcame the strong opposition…。Who引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句對(duì)先行詞Washington做進(jìn)一步的解釋說明。該定語從句中，who代替Washington充當(dāng)主語，謂語是had begun to believe，賓語是that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，after observin
考研英語長(zhǎng)難句3
綜觀各類英語考試的試題，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)在閱讀文章時(shí)往往會(huì)碰到許多結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的句子。命題者在句子難度或長(zhǎng)度上做文章，無非是想通過這種方式來干擾考生正常的閱讀習(xí)慣和思維方式，從而達(dá)到考查考生閱讀綜合能力的目的。從根本上來說，要提高對(duì)長(zhǎng)難句的理解并沒有太多捷徑，必須多看。現(xiàn)在離20xx年研究生入學(xué)考試不到一個(gè)月的時(shí)間，希望大家能在這段時(shí)間內(nèi)堅(jiān)持每天看一篇閱讀理解題。
考試題并不是每一個(gè)長(zhǎng)句都是難句，也不是每一個(gè)難句都會(huì)對(duì)我們的閱讀理解造成障礙�？荚嚂r(shí)間有限，對(duì)于那些不影響理解全文或是與文后題目無關(guān)的.句子，無論多長(zhǎng)我們都可以"視而不見"，也只有這樣，才可以集中火力去攻下那些真正的障礙。
理解長(zhǎng)難句的關(guān)鍵是理清句子成分，抓住句子的關(guān)鍵部分。在分析時(shí)有如下一些原則需要把握：
第一，先結(jié)構(gòu)，后意義：面對(duì)一個(gè)長(zhǎng)句，我們不要立即開始逐字閱讀，而應(yīng)該先通過一些線索，比如固定結(jié)構(gòu)、語法規(guī)則、標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)等，確定這個(gè)句子的邏輯關(guān)系。
第二，先主干（主謂），后分支（定語、補(bǔ)語、同位語等）。
第三，只看需要看的分支：對(duì)于長(zhǎng)句中的分支成分在第一遍閱讀時(shí)可以暫時(shí)先不管，如果題目未涉及，則可以忽略不看。
下面我們將分別分析閱讀中常見的幾種類型的長(zhǎng)句，希望大家能從中得到一些啟示。
考研英語長(zhǎng)難句4
It’s all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns their living, was
主語+系動(dòng)詞 表語 時(shí)間狀語從句 賓語從句 定語從句
himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noise-making.
賓語從句
譯文：可是一想到為這些居民提供生計(jì)的莎士比亞本人也是演員(也留著胡須)，也吵吵鬧鬧，就讓人感覺這真是一種絕妙的諷刺。
分析：本句的主干為It’s…ironic…，是一個(gè)主系表結(jié)構(gòu)。后面是when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，其中包括一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，做consider的賓語;該賓語從句的主語是Shakespeare，謂語是and連接的was和did，who引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句修飾的是賓語從句的主語Shakespeare。
Today, surrounded by promises of easy happiness, we need art to tell us, as religion once did,
時(shí)間狀語 伴隨狀語 主語 謂語 賓語 目的狀語 插入語
Memento mori: remember that you will die, that everything ends, and that happiness comes not in denying
同位語 賓語從句1 賓語從句2 連詞 賓語從句3
this but in living with it.
譯文：今天，我們的周圍充斥著簡(jiǎn)單幸福的許諾，我們需要藝術(shù)來告訴我們，正如宗教曾經(jīng)告訴過我們的那樣，死的象征：記住你終將死亡，一切都會(huì)結(jié)束，而幸福不會(huì)因否認(rèn)這一點(diǎn)而到來，而是要接受這一事實(shí)。
分析：本句的主干是…we need art…。Today是時(shí)間狀語，surrounded by…是伴隨狀語，to tell us…Memento mori是目的'狀語,介詞短語 as religion once did是插入語。隨后的remember that…是Memento mori的同位語,用來解釋這句拉丁語的含義。該同位語共包含三個(gè) that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,都做 remember的賓語。
考研英語長(zhǎng)難句5
It is much easier to say “Great idea!” when a terrific solution has been put forward by someone on your team, than it is to take the time to explain why an employee’s favorite brainchild isn’t going anywhere except the circular file.
【核心詞匯】
terrific a.極好的，很棒的
solution n.解決方案，溶液
favorite a.最喜愛的，中意的'
put forward提出
brainchild點(diǎn)子，想法
circular file廢紙簍
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】
本句成分復(fù)雜。以逗號(hào)為切入點(diǎn)，得到一個(gè)比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)It is much easier to say “Great idea!” ...than...。It是形式主語，前半部分的真正主語由不定式結(jié)構(gòu)to say “Great idea!”...充當(dāng)，這里包含一個(gè)when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句when a terrific solution has been put forward by someone on your team，使用了被動(dòng)語態(tài)的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，在翻譯時(shí)，我們將狀語提前，且化被動(dòng)為主動(dòng)。后半部分真正主語為to take the time to explain...，explain后的賓語是why引導(dǎo)的賓語從句why an employee’s favorite brainchild isn’t going anywhere except the circular file。
【參考譯文】
當(dāng)團(tuán)隊(duì)中的某個(gè)人提出極好的解決方案時(shí)，說“好主意”要比花時(shí)間解釋為什么一個(gè)職員最喜歡的想法最終被拋棄容易得多。
考研英語長(zhǎng)難句6
Women who live in areas of high air pollution, exposed to invisible particles from traffic fumes, coal-fired power stations and wood fores, are at increased risk of heart disease and death, according to a study.
【核心詞匯】
expose v.揭露，揭發(fā);暴露
Invisible a.無形的，看不見的
Risk n.風(fēng)險(xiǎn)
According to 根據(jù)
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】
主系表結(jié)構(gòu)。句子主干是women are at increased risk of heart disease and death，定語從句who live in areas of high air pollution修飾主語women，過去分詞短語exposed to invisible particles from traffic fumes, coal-fired power stations and wood fores做主語women的后置定語，句子末尾的according to a study做全句的狀語。
【參考譯文】
根據(jù)一項(xiàng)研究，生活在空氣污染嚴(yán)重地區(qū)的女性，暴露在車輛尾氣、燃煤發(fā)電廠、森林火災(zāi)所產(chǎn)生和排放的無形的'微小顆粒中，患心臟病及死亡的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加。
考研英語長(zhǎng)難句7
This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.
詞匯解析：discrimination 歧視；alphabet 字母表
主干識(shí)別：this refers to discrimination against those +定語從句。
其他成分：for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage 為插入語，改寫為for those who are unaware of such a disadvantage as yet 理解起來會(huì)方便很多；as yet 至今; whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet 為定語從句。
微觀解析：若是句子中的插入語理解起來有困難，不妨試著改變它的句式結(jié)構(gòu)，將長(zhǎng)定語還原為定語從句，而這種方法的逆向思維可以與寫作相結(jié)合，使文章的句式更加靈活多變。
翻譯：對(duì)于那些還不了解這種危害的.人來說，它指的是對(duì)姓氏首字母位于字母表后半部分的人的歧視
From the beginning of our history, says Hofstadter, our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism.
單詞解析：democratic民主的；populist平民主義的
主干識(shí)別：our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything+定語從句。
其他成分：says Hofstadter 為插入語； our democratic and populist urges have driven us to…可提煉出sth. has driven sb. to do…這個(gè)句型；that smells of elitism 為定語從句修飾anything (注意smell的介詞搭配)。
微觀解析：若是覺得插入語干擾了正常的理解，可將這個(gè)句子變?yōu)镠ofstadter says, “From the beginning of our history, our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism.”這樣的自由直接引語構(gòu)成的賓語從句會(huì)降低句子的難度。
翻譯：Hofstadter說，從我們歷史之初起，我們對(duì)于民主化和大眾化的苛求就迫使我們拒絕一切帶有精英主義色彩的東西。
考研英語長(zhǎng)難句8
英語句型看似復(fù)雜多變，其實(shí)源于兩大鉆石句型，即主謂賓（本句型總共有4種形式，分別因謂語動(dòng)詞的不同特點(diǎn)而決定謂語之后有無賓語或補(bǔ)足語，具體為：主語+謂語、主語+謂語+賓語、主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語、主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語，為了簡(jiǎn)明扼要的說明問題，本部分將其總結(jié)為一種句型“主語+謂語+賓語”）、主系表。每一成分皆可復(fù)雜化，由此加大了句子的理解難度。下面就演示一下這兩大基本句型是如何擴(kuò)展成復(fù)雜的長(zhǎng)難句的。
鉆石句型：①主語+謂語+賓語（S+V+O）
�、谥髡Z+系動(dòng)詞+表語(S+V+P)
一、句子擴(kuò)展：修飾成分加長(zhǎng)
�。ㄒ唬┿@石句型①主謂賓句型
The boy (主語) likes (謂語) English (賓語).
1.主語擴(kuò)展：
The clever boy likes English.
The boy with a book in his hand likes English.
The boy who is full of imagination likes English.
The clever boy who is full of imagination with a book in his hand likes English.
注：主語中心詞為the boy, 可以通過加形容詞、介詞短語、定語從句及其組合等成分使主語復(fù)雜化，從而增加理解難度�？佳蟹g中的主語考點(diǎn)多為修飾成分繁多的主語。
2.謂語擴(kuò)展：
The boy likes English very much.
The boy likes English out of interest.
The boy likes English influenced by his parents.
The boy likes English, hoping that one day he can go abroad.
The boy liked English when he was five years old.
注：謂語動(dòng)詞like通過添加副詞短語、介詞短語、現(xiàn)在分詞短語、過去分詞短語、狀語從句等進(jìn)行擴(kuò)展，從而使句子變得復(fù)雜，增加了理解難度�？佳蟹g中注意找準(zhǔn)動(dòng)詞及其修飾成分,以弄清邏輯關(guān)系。
3.賓語擴(kuò)展：
The boy likes American English.
The boy likes English, the international language.
The boy likes English which is the most widely spoken language in the world.
The boy likes English spoken by many people nowadays.
The boy likes English, a beautiful language, spoken by many people living in every corner of the world.
注：賓語English通過添加形容詞（短語）、同位語、定語從句、分詞短語及其組合進(jìn)行擴(kuò)展，從而使簡(jiǎn)單句變得復(fù)雜化�？佳蟹g中要注意這些修飾成分，如分詞結(jié)構(gòu)要找出邏輯主語等，定語從句要找出先行詞，等等。
（二）鉆石句型②主系表句型
The girl (主語) is (系動(dòng)詞) Mary (表語).
各部分?jǐn)U展：
The girl in a pink hat with a book in her hand is probably Mary a kind-hearted girl of inexhaustible energy which often amazes her classmates.
注：此句的擴(kuò)展同上（也是通過添加修飾成分變復(fù)雜），不再贅述。
二、句子擴(kuò)展：成分替換
句子的復(fù)雜不僅體現(xiàn)在修飾成分繁多上，還體現(xiàn)在句子成分本身的復(fù)雜化上，下面就通過句子成分由簡(jiǎn)單到復(fù)雜的替換來演示句子是如何變難的。
�。ㄒ唬┿@石句型①主謂賓句型
主語擴(kuò)展：
The event amazed the world.
What happened on July 15, 20xx amazed the world.
To hold the 20xx Olympics in China amazes the world.
Holding the 20xx Olympics in China amazed the world.
That China is to hold the 20xx Olympics amazes the world.
注：由此可見，充當(dāng)主語的除了簡(jiǎn)單的名詞(短語)、代詞、數(shù)詞，還可以是形式比較復(fù)雜的動(dòng)詞不定式(短語)、動(dòng)名詞(短語)、主語從句�？佳蟹g中明確這一點(diǎn)，才能打開思路，更好地劃分句子成分，從而做到真正理解句意，進(jìn)而很好的用漢語表達(dá)出來。
賓語擴(kuò)展：
He can hear me.
He can hear the strange sound.
He can hear anything happening in the building.
He can hear the sound from that building.
He can hear a girl crying in the building.
He can hear whatever happens in the building.
He decided to check what’s going on in the building.
He considered going to the building for a look.
注：由此可見，充當(dāng)賓語的除了簡(jiǎn)單的名詞(短語)、代詞、數(shù)詞，還有形式比較復(fù)雜的動(dòng)詞不定式(短語)，動(dòng)名詞(短語)，賓語從句。同樣的，考研翻譯中明確這一點(diǎn)也非常重要，有助于打開思路，理清句子成分。
�。ǘ┿@石句型②主系表句型
主語擴(kuò)展：鉆石句型①中的主語擴(kuò)展（成分替換）已經(jīng)很明確了，此處不再重復(fù)。
表語擴(kuò)展：
They are beautiful.
They are in the zoo.
They are beautiful animals in the zoo.
They are interested in the new invention.
To see is to believe.
That is what we are talking about.
注：由此可見，充當(dāng)表語的成分繁多，有形容詞(短語)，介詞短語，動(dòng)詞不定式(短語)，分詞(短語)，名詞，表語從句�？佳蟹g中若這些充當(dāng)表語的.成分變得更長(zhǎng)一些，要注意識(shí)別。 三、示例
通過下面這個(gè)例子，并結(jié)合以上句子的擴(kuò)展，體驗(yàn)一下英文句子的各個(gè)成分及結(jié)構(gòu)。
But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.
解析：
并列句。第一個(gè)分句主干：science does provide us。其中with the best available guide to the future為狀語修飾provide， the best available和to the future分別為guide的前置定語和后置定語，由此本句賓語被復(fù)雜化： 第二個(gè)分句主干：it is critical that...,其中，it為形式主語，that從句為真正的主語，從句主語為名詞短語our nation and the world, base...on...為固定搭配，第二個(gè)that從句為judgments的定語從句，分詞結(jié)構(gòu)concerning...為judgments的后置定語。
考研英語長(zhǎng)難句9
歷年來考生們最重視的應(yīng)該是閱讀理解部分，往往閱讀的好差直接影響我們最終的成績(jī)。閱讀部分占考研英語總分值的40%，可謂成也閱讀，敗也閱讀。所以一般來說，考生會(huì)花費(fèi)大部分的精力在閱讀的解題當(dāng)中。當(dāng)然如果我們能夠掌握好的學(xué)習(xí)方法，閱讀并沒有那么難，早些開始復(fù)習(xí)尤其對(duì)英語基礎(chǔ)較差的學(xué)生來說很重要。
那么我們最開始復(fù)習(xí)的時(shí)候是不提倡考生們直接做真題的。歷年真題閱讀一般都是從一些期刊中摘抄出來的比如The New York Times, Newsweek, The economist. 所以建議廣大考生平時(shí)多讀這些刊物，來提升閱讀。下邊為大家詳細(xì)分析了這些書刊中的幾個(gè)長(zhǎng)難句。
This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one.
單詞：cognitive 認(rèn)知的（后天習(xí)得的）
intuitive 先天的
coupled with意思和and一樣，同樣的表達(dá)還有along with， Combined with
主干識(shí)別：句子的主語是this success和 later research；謂語是led;賓語是Ericson;不定式短語to conclude 作狀語；主干結(jié)構(gòu)是：this success and later research led Ericson to conclude that...
句子解析：research 后邊接了一個(gè)現(xiàn)在分詞短語做后置定語，在這個(gè)現(xiàn)在分詞短語中，that引導(dǎo)的從句做showing的賓語；再不定式短語中that引導(dǎo)的從句做conclude的賓語；more…than…,結(jié)構(gòu)翻譯成 與其說…不如說…
翻譯：這種成功和后來表明記憶本身并不是先天決定的`研究是愛立信總結(jié)道： 記憶的行為與其說是一種先天的行為，不如說是一種習(xí)得的行為
2 sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want
詞匯
hear-scratching令人頭疼的
puzzlement困惑
句子分析：主干句是：this project has turned out to be findings.sad to say插入語，遺憾地說，combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement 非謂語結(jié)構(gòu)作定語（修飾findings), about what in the world those readers really want 介詞短語，about+句子，句子是由what引導(dǎo)的賓語，in the world為狀語。
翻譯：遺憾地說，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目最終被證明是一個(gè)很低級(jí)的研究，他只著眼于事實(shí)型的錯(cuò)誤，拼寫和語法的問題，以及很多關(guān)于讀者究竟想要什么的困惑。
考研英語長(zhǎng)難句10
The comments attributed to Jobs are perhaps no great surprise, not least because Apple is currently pursuing a number of lawsuits against smartphone makers who have opted to use Android—main market rival Samsung being the most notable target.
【核心詞匯】
currently ad.當(dāng)前，現(xiàn)在
purse v.繼續(xù)，從事
rival n.對(duì)手，競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者
notable a.值得注意的，顯著的
target n. 目標(biāo)，靶子
attribute to認(rèn)為是……所有，歸因于
a number of 許多
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】
句子主干是The comments attributed to Jobs are perhaps no great surprise，attributed to Jobs(理解難點(diǎn))為過去分詞短語做定語修飾The comments。Not least because引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，往后引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾makers, main market rival Samsung being the most notable target為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。
【參考譯文】這些被認(rèn)為是喬布斯所發(fā)表的`評(píng)論或許并不十分令人意外，尤其是因?yàn)樘O果正在針對(duì)選擇使用安卓系統(tǒng)的那些智能手機(jī)制造商發(fā)起多項(xiàng)訴訟，其主要的市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手三星是最顯著的被打擊對(duì)象。
考研英語長(zhǎng)難句11
考研英語長(zhǎng)難句拆分信號(hào)：
1、標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)：比如，2個(gè)逗號(hào)形成插入語，破折號(hào)表示解釋說明，分號(hào)相當(dāng)于“and”表示并列;
2、連詞：并列句的并列連詞and、or、but、yet、for等，從句的從屬連詞which、that、when、how、if等;
3、介詞：介詞引導(dǎo)介詞短語，介詞短語在句子中可充當(dāng)定語、狀語等修飾成分;
4、不定式符號(hào)to：不定式符號(hào)to引導(dǎo)不定式短語，在句子中除了可以充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語、補(bǔ)語等主干成分外，還可做定語、狀語等修飾成分;
5、分詞：分詞包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞，在句子中可充當(dāng)定語和狀語修飾成分。
下面我們就按照長(zhǎng)難句拆分原則，依照這些拆分信號(hào)，結(jié)合考研英語閱讀或翻譯真題中的長(zhǎng)難句進(jìn)行實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練一下吧!
1、{C}This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.
(1)句子拆分
拆分點(diǎn)：從屬連詞、介詞、標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)
This trend began∥during the Second World War,∥when several governments came to the conclusion∥that the specific demands∥that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen∥in detail.
(2)句子結(jié)構(gòu)
找謂語動(dòng)詞(began, came, wants, cannot be foreseen);
↓
找連詞(when, that, that)
↓
前面沒有從屬連詞的動(dòng)詞即為主句的謂語動(dòng)詞
↓
確定主從句
主句：This trend began during the Second World War;
從句：定語從句when several governments came to the conclusion修飾the Second World War，本從句嵌套著一個(gè)二級(jí)從句即同位語從句that the specific demands cannot generally be foreseen in detail修飾conclusion和一個(gè)三級(jí)從句that引導(dǎo)的定語從句that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment修飾demands。
(3)解析
during the Second World War介詞短語做狀語;when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail做定語修飾the Second World War;that the specific demands cannot generally be foreseen in detail同位語從句修飾conclusion;that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment修飾demands。
(4)本句的參考譯文
這種趨勢(shì)始于第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間，當(dāng)時(shí)一些國(guó)家的政府得出結(jié)論：政府向科研機(jī)構(gòu)提出的要求通常是無法詳盡預(yù)見的。
總之，只要考生對(duì)句子結(jié)構(gòu)有個(gè)透徹的.理解，弄清句子的各個(gè)成分，并可以借助連詞、介詞、非謂語動(dòng)詞等手段把句子由簡(jiǎn)單變得復(fù)雜，由復(fù)雜變得簡(jiǎn)單，這樣句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析技能提高了，長(zhǎng)難句也就攻克了，對(duì)于考研閱讀和翻譯的理解也就簡(jiǎn)單了。
考研英語長(zhǎng)難句12
On the face of it, that doesn’t seem especially surprising: we feel strong emotion at important events, which are obviously more memorable than ordinary moments.
【核心詞匯】
especially ad.特別，尤其
emotion n.情感，情緒
event n.事件，大事
memorable a.顯著的，難忘的'
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】主句是that doesn’t seem especially surprising，句首的On the face of it做全句的狀語，冒號(hào)后we feel strong emotion at important events是對(duì)主句的解釋說明，非限定性定語從句which are obviously more memorable than ordinary moments修飾events。
【參考譯文】乍看起來，那似乎不會(huì)使我們特別吃驚：在重大事件上我們會(huì)感到強(qiáng)烈的感情沖擊——重大事件顯然比平常日子讓人記憶深刻。
考研英語長(zhǎng)難句13
1、If it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class.
[譯文]如果新聞界真的注意到了問題的關(guān)鍵，它就應(yīng)該進(jìn)一步開放其多樣化項(xiàng)目， 這個(gè)項(xiàng)目現(xiàn)在還只單純考慮招收不同種族和性別的員工，而進(jìn)一步尋找那些世界觀、價(jià)值觀、教育水平和社會(huì)階層大相徑庭的各種記者。
[分析]本句是一個(gè)虛擬語句。it 代表上文提到的 atroubled business，即“問題重重的新聞界”。主語it 跟了兩個(gè)并列的謂語成分：一是 would open up its diversity program，二是(would)look forreporters。reporters后面跟了一個(gè)定語從句。now focused narrowly on race and gender 是插入語，作 program的定語。
2、For such people and many more perhaps not so exceptional, the proper formulation is, “ Succeed at allcosts but avoid appearing ambitious. ”
[譯文]對(duì)于這樣的人，以及更多也許不太出色的人而言，恰當(dāng)?shù)腵行為準(zhǔn)則是： “不惜一切代價(jià)獲得成功，但要避免讓人看出雄心勃勃�！�
[分析]For suchpeople and many more perhaps not so exceptional 是句子的狀語，主語是 the properformulation，謂語是系動(dòng)詞 is，表語是引號(hào)里的內(nèi)容。
3、International affiliates account for a fast-growing segment of production in economies that open up and welcome foreign investment.
[譯文]在那些對(duì)外開放并鼓勵(lì)外資的國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)中，跨國(guó)公司的分支機(jī)構(gòu)已經(jīng)成為經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域中一個(gè)快速增長(zhǎng)的生產(chǎn)部門。
[分析]本句的主干是International affiliates account for a fast-growing segment of production ineconomies，后面的 that open up and welcome foreign investment 是 economies 的定語從句。注意一些詞匯的含義：affiliate是名詞，意為 “分支機(jī)構(gòu)” ， 此處是指在世界各地都有分支的多國(guó)公司， 并且是全句的主語；account for 是“……的原因” ；economies 在此處指經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域的國(guó)家概念，因此用復(fù)數(shù)。
4、I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same that underlie the globalization process: falling transportation and communication costs, lower tradeand investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operationscapable of meeting customers demands.
[譯文]我認(rèn)為引起這場(chǎng)合并浪潮的最重要力量與導(dǎo)致全球一體化的力量是相同的： 運(yùn)輸通信費(fèi)用下降；貿(mào)易與投資障礙減少；市場(chǎng)擴(kuò)大。這一切都需要擴(kuò)大業(yè)務(wù)往來滿足消費(fèi)者的需求。這對(duì)消費(fèi)者只會(huì)有利而不會(huì)有害。
[分析]本句是一個(gè)嵌套賓語從句， 不過也并不難理解。 主句是 I believe that， that 后面是 I believe的內(nèi)容。第二個(gè)賓語從句修飾的是 same，即 the same that underlie the globalization process。冒號(hào)的內(nèi)容則進(jìn)一步說明globalization process 的內(nèi)容。
5、And should one country take upon itself the role of “defending competition” on issues that affect many other nations, as in the US vs. Microsoft case?
[譯文]在那些將會(huì)影響許多其他國(guó)家的事情中，如美國(guó)政府與微軟公司的訴訟案，一個(gè)國(guó)家是否應(yīng)該擔(dān)負(fù)起“保護(hù)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”的責(zé)任呢？
[分析]此句的主干是should one country take upon itself the role， 而 that affect manyother nations 是 issues的定語從句。as in the US vs. Microsoft case 是 issues 的補(bǔ)語。on issues是 take upon itself the role 的狀語。注意在閱讀本句的時(shí)候要抓住它本身是一個(gè)文句， 另外，vs.的意思對(duì)正確理解也很重要，它是指 “對(duì)壘， 對(duì)陣” ，在法律的情景中就是“起訴，對(duì)簿公堂”的意思。
考研英語長(zhǎng)難句14
The true enemies of science, argues Paul Ehrlich of Stanford University, a pioneer of environmental studies, are those who question the evidence supporting global warming, the depletion of the ozone layer and other consequences of industrial growth.
譯文：作為環(huán)境研究的先驅(qū)者，斯坦福大學(xué)的Paul Ehrlich認(rèn)為，科學(xué)的真正的敵人是那些對(duì)全球變暖、臭氧層稀薄和工業(yè)發(fā)展帶來的其他后果表示懷疑的人。
分析：這個(gè)句子主語和謂語成了類似插入語的成分，插在了句子中間，表明的是發(fā)表這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)的是什么人(姓名與身份)。而該句的主要內(nèi)容在于argue所跟的賓語從句。這個(gè)賓語從句中的賓語those有一個(gè)who引導(dǎo)的較長(zhǎng)的定語從句，其中who是主語，question是謂語，the evidence是賓語，賓語后面跟的'現(xiàn)在分詞短語修飾的是evidence，這個(gè)現(xiàn)在分詞supporting后面跟了三個(gè)并列賓語。
【詞匯指南】
摘自《十天搞定考研詞匯》(王江濤、劉文濤)
Stanford University 美國(guó)斯坦福大學(xué)
environmental [in,vairn'mentl](adj.)環(huán)境的;有關(guān)環(huán)境(保護(hù))的(CET-6、考研詞匯)(20xx年-閱讀3)(al-形容詞后綴)
考點(diǎn)搭配：be environmentally sound 無害環(huán)境的(20xx年-閱讀2)
question['kwestn](n.)問題,疑問(v.)詢問,探問;質(zhì)疑(中考詞匯)(20xx年-閱讀2、20xx年-閱讀2、20xx年-閱讀4)
1個(gè)派生詞：
● questionable ['kwestnbl](adj.)可疑的,不可靠的;成問題的(CET-6、考研詞匯)(20xx年-閱讀1)(question-問題,疑問，able-可以的 → 可疑的,不可靠的;成問題的)
support [s'p:t](vt.)支撐;支持,擁護(hù);供養(yǎng)(高考詞匯)(20xx年-閱讀1、20xx年-閱讀4)(sup-下，port-詞根,拿來 → 從“下面”拿住、保持住——即“支撐”，引申為“支持,擁護(hù);供養(yǎng)”。因?yàn)椤肮B(yǎng)”說白了就是“支撐”、養(yǎng)活家庭。近義詞：sustain)
考點(diǎn)搭配：receive support from 獲得…的支持(20xx年-閱讀1)
1個(gè)派生詞：
● supportive [s'p:tiv](adj.)支撐的;支持的(20xx年-閱讀3、20xx年-閱讀2、20xx年-閱讀2、20xx年-閱讀3、20xx年-閱讀4)
考點(diǎn)搭配：
supportive adult 提供支持的成年人(20xx年-完型)
be supportive of 支持…(20xx年-閱讀2)
lay [lei](vt.)放置,鋪設(shè);設(shè)置;躺下(中考詞匯)(20xx年-閱讀3)(la=land-土地,地面;y=ify-動(dòng)詞后綴 → 放在地上——即“放置,鋪設(shè)”，引申為“設(shè)置”和“躺下”。)
考點(diǎn)搭配：get laid off 解雇，下崗(20xx年-閱讀3)(注意，laid是lay的過去式和過去分詞)
industry ['indstri](n.)① 工業(yè);產(chǎn)業(yè),行業(yè) ② 勤奮(中考詞匯)(20xx年-閱讀1、20xx年-閱讀2、20xx年-閱讀4、20xx年-閱讀1、20xx年-閱讀2)(in-向里，dust-灰塵,煙塵，ry-名詞后綴 → 向空氣中排放大量的煙塵——即“工業(yè)”，引申為“產(chǎn)業(yè),行業(yè)”。而該詞之所以還表示“勤奮”，源于工業(yè)社會(huì)，人人勤奮，惰者淘汰!)
考點(diǎn)搭配：
auto industry 汽車工業(yè)(20xx年-閱讀3)
data-rich industries 數(shù)據(jù)豐富的行業(yè)(20xx年-閱讀4)
building industry 建筑行業(yè)(20xx年-閱讀3)
1個(gè)派生詞：
ɡrow[ɡru](v.)生長(zhǎng),發(fā)育;發(fā)展;成為(中考詞匯)(20xx年-閱讀3)(有學(xué)者認(rèn)為，該詞具有象形色彩。其中，ɡ-花蕊，r-小草，o-太陽(yáng)，w-水 → 在太陽(yáng)和雨水的滋潤(rùn)下，花蕊和小草茁壯“生長(zhǎng)”，后引申為“發(fā)展”和“成為”。)
考點(diǎn)搭配：
slow-growing animals 生長(zhǎng)緩慢的動(dòng)物(20xx年-閱讀3)
a growing number of越來越多的(20xx年-閱讀3)
1個(gè)派生詞：
●ɡrowth [ɡruθ](n.)生長(zhǎng),發(fā)育;增長(zhǎng),發(fā)展(高考詞匯)(20xx年-閱讀3)(該詞是ɡrow的名詞形式，th-名詞后綴)
考研英語長(zhǎng)難句15
1、標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)：
比如，2個(gè)逗號(hào)形成插入語，破折號(hào)表示解釋說明，分號(hào)相當(dāng)于“and”表示并列;
2、連詞：
并列句的并列連詞and、or、but、yet、for等，從句的從屬連詞which、that、when、how、if等;
3、介詞：
介詞引導(dǎo)介詞短語，介詞短語在句子中可充當(dāng)定語、狀語等修飾成分;
4、不定式符號(hào)to：
不定式符號(hào)to引導(dǎo)不定式短語，在句子中除了可以充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語、補(bǔ)語等主干成分外，還可做定語、狀語等修飾成分;
5、分詞：
分詞包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞，在句子中可充當(dāng)定語和狀語修飾成分。
下面我們就按照長(zhǎng)難句拆分原則，依照這些拆分信號(hào)，結(jié)合考研英語閱讀或翻譯真題中的長(zhǎng)難句進(jìn)行實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練一下吧!
1、This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.
(1)句子拆分
拆分點(diǎn)：從屬連詞、介詞、標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)
This trend began ∥during the Second World War, ∥ when several governments came to the conclusion ∥that the specific demands ∥that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen ∥in detail.
(2)句子結(jié)構(gòu)
找謂語動(dòng)詞(began, came, wants, cannot be foreseen);
↓
找連詞(when, that, that)
↓
前面沒有從屬連詞的動(dòng)詞即為主句的謂語動(dòng)詞
↓
確定主從句
主句：This trend began during the Second World War ;
從句：定語從句when several governments came to the conclusion修飾the Second World War，本從句嵌套著一個(gè)二級(jí)從句即同位語從句that the specific demands cannot generally be foreseen in detail修飾conclusion和一個(gè)三級(jí)從句that引導(dǎo)的定語從句that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment修飾demands。
(3)解析
during the Second World War介詞短語做狀語;when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail 做定語修飾the Second World War ;that the specific demands cannot generally be foreseen in detail同位語從句修飾conclusion ;that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment修飾demands。
(4)本句的參考譯文
這種趨勢(shì)始于第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間，當(dāng)時(shí)一些國(guó)家的`政府得出結(jié)論：政府向科研機(jī)構(gòu)提出的要求通常是無法詳盡預(yù)見的。
總之，只要考生對(duì)句子結(jié)構(gòu)有個(gè)透徹的理解，弄清句子的各個(gè)成分，并可以借助連詞、介詞、非謂語動(dòng)詞等手段把句子由簡(jiǎn)單變得復(fù)雜，由復(fù)雜變得簡(jiǎn)單，這樣句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析技能提高了，長(zhǎng)難句也就攻克了，對(duì)于考研閱讀和翻譯的理解也就簡(jiǎn)單了。
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